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Conference Spotlight
2025 ANS Winter Conference & Expo
November 9–12, 2025
Washington, DC|Washington Hilton
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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Dry Ice Blasting: A Game-Changer for Safe Cleaning and Decontamination in Nuclear Power Plants
The nuclear energy industry is critical not only for meeting the world’s growing demand for electricity but also for advancing global decarbonization goals. As the sector evolves—through life extensions of existing plants, decommissioning, innovations like small modular reactors (SMRs) and microreactors, and new facility construction—the need for safe, efficient, and environmentally responsible maintenance and decommissioning continues to grow. Whether a plant is coming online, operating beyond its original design life, or entering decommissioning, cleanliness and operational integrity remain non-negotiable. That’s where dry ice blasting stands out—a powerful, safe cleaning method ideally suited for the high-stakes demands of nuclear environments.
Charles W. Bagnal, Jr., Gerard P. Cavanaugh, Robert P. Harris, Regis A. Matzie, Laszlo B. Tarko
Nuclear Technology | Volume 68 | Number 1 | January 1985 | Pages 7-17
Technical Paper | Fission Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT85-A33562
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Fuel management and core periphery modifications are examined for slowing pressurized water reactor (PWR) pressure vessel embrittlement by reducing the incident fast flux to the vessel Such strategies can help to mitigate the consequences of pressurized thermal shock, a current licensing concern. For most operating PWRs, a factor of 2 reduction in fast flux to the reactor vessel critical welds can be achieved with little or no penalty in power peaking (3% or less), which implies only a small degradation in thermal margin. This can be accomplished with low leakage fuel management, which places twice-burned fuel near these welds. To achieve higher reduction factors, materials with good fast neutron attenuation properties must be used in conjunction with low leakage fuel management. For example, a reduction factor of 3 implies a limited use of dummy stainless steel assemblies (with an associated increase in power peaking of at least 8%) or the use of stainless steel patches between the core and the vessel In general, a factor of 3 reduction in fast flux is a practical upper limit to what can be reasonably achieved without significant degradation of thermal margin. A factor of 5 reduction may be possible in some cases, but would require the liberal use of dummy assemblies and/or stainless steel patches; a fast flux reduction by a factor of >5 would most likely require power derating.