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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
Toshiaki Ohe
Nuclear Technology | Volume 67 | Number 1 | October 1984 | Pages 92-101
Technical Paper | Radioactive Waste Management | doi.org/10.13182/NT84-A33532
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A method has been developed to predict sorption reactions of radionuclides on granitoid rock. This method is based on simultaneous ion exchange reactions for both radionuclide and competing cations in solution. Several batch sorption experiments using crushed and sieved rocks showed the Rothmund and Kornfeld type of equation, which determined exchange constants of cesium, cobalt, manganese, strontium, and competing major cations in natural water. Sorption data in three synthetic solutions of 1 N calcium chloride, groundwater, and seawater indicated that simultaneous ion exchange reactions predict mechanisms for all cations in solution. A simple method is proposed to predict a sorption isotherm of radionuclide in the presence of competing cations, such as potassium, sodium, and manganese.
