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Conference on Nuclear Training and Education: A Biennial International Forum (CONTE 2025)
February 3–6, 2025
Amelia Island, FL|Omni Amelia Island Resort
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Reboot: Nuclear needs a success . . . anywhere
The media have gleefully resurrected the language of a past nuclear renaissance. Beyond the hype and PR, many people in the nuclear community are taking a more measured view of conditions that could lead to new construction: data center demand, the proliferation of new reactor designs and start-ups, and the sudden ascendance of nuclear energy as the power source everyone wants—or wants to talk about.
Once built, large nuclear reactors can provide clean power for at least 80 years—outlasting 10 to 20 presidential administrations. Smaller reactors can provide heat and power outputs tailored to an end user’s needs. With all the new attention, are we any closer to getting past persistent supply chain and workforce issues and building these new plants? And what will the election of Donald Trump to a second term as president mean for nuclear?
As usual, there are more questions than answers, and most come down to money. Several developers are engaging with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or have already applied for a license, certification, or permit. But designs without paying customers won’t get built. So where are the customers, and what will it take for them to commit?
Hans Peter Buchkremer, Rudolf Hecker, Heinz Jonas, Detlev Stöver, Uwe Zink
Nuclear Technology | Volume 66 | Number 3 | September 1984 | Pages 550-561
F. Hydrogen and Tritium Permeation | Status of Metallic Materials Development for Application in Advanced High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor / Material | doi.org/10.13182/NT84-A33477
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Recent experimental findings on tritium permeation barriers are described with special emphasis on the interpretation in terms of mechanical behavior. Kinetic measurements of the water vapor corrosion reaction with Incoloy-800 have been performed first by determining hydrogen production and permeation rates on line. Growth laws of the oxide scales have been determined indicating that a visually parabolic phase can be attributed to a scale of enhanced impeding effect against permeation. A certain amount of the hydrogen created by the corrosion reaction permeates spontaneously through the metal at a fraction varying between I and 10%. A new quality of oxide layer has been identified that can be characterized by enhanced activation energies for hydrogen permeation of ∼150 kJ/mol as well as a modified pressure dependence proportional p1 in a limited range. Such scales show improved impeding factors ≫ 100. Moreover, the effect of an additional layer on the opposite side of the tube specimen has been studied that shows a different impeding behavior dependent on the direction of the hydrogen/tritium flow. A model has been discussed describing the impeding effect of oxide scales in terms of surface controlled reaction steps rather than bulk diffusion, as has been the usual procedure hitherto. The model proposed offers a qualitative understanding of experimental findings characterizing high-quality layers. Acoustic emission and hydrogen permeation measurements as indicators for cracking have been combined in an attempt to define oxide layer qualities with respect to behavior during temperature cycling. Three alloys with different damage rates have been investigated. The results of such experiments seem to offer the possibility of a quantitative correlation between the intensity of the acoustic emission signal and the loss of impeding effect due to cycling.