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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
Alex Tsechanski, Gad Shani
Nuclear Technology | Volume 64 | Number 1 | January 1984 | Pages 78-87
Technical Paper | Technique | doi.org/10.13182/NT84-A33328
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A well-collimated T(d,n)4He fast neutron beam has been used to investigate the possibility of a precise measurement of the energy of fast neutrons using a 2- × 2-in. NE-213 liquid scintillator. Four sets of measurements were performed at 0-, 85-, 90-, and 95-deg nominal angles of the deuteron beam relative to the collimator axis. This experimental setup provides monoenergetic neutrons with nominal energies of 14.697, 14.115, 14.061, and 14.007 MeV, respectively. The results of the energy measurement of these monoenergetic neutrons are 14.718 ± 0.0292 MeV, 14.124 ± 0.0177 MeV, 14.072 ± 0.0144 MeV, and 14.028 ± 0.0155 MeV. The proton recoil spectra created in the liquid scintillator were unfolded with the FORIST unfolding code. The center of gravity of the measured neutron peak was assumed to be the value of the exact neutron energy.
