ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2025
Nuclear Technology
August 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Yassin A. Hassan, Charles D. Morgan
Nuclear Technology | Volume 60 | Number 1 | January 1983 | Pages 143-150
Technical Paper | Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow | doi.org/10.13182/NT83-A33110
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Comparisons of the predictions of RELAP5/MODI to data obtained from a 19-tube model of a once-through steam generator (OTSG) were performed. The initial results were not satisfactory since the predicted outlet steam temperature was much too low. This discrepancy was traced to the inappropriate use of the modified Zuber critical heat flux (CHF) correlation for the conditions occurring during integral economizer OTSG operation. A study of available low-flow CHF correlations was performed that showed that either the Macbeth or Biasi correlations used in conjunction with RELAP5/MOD1 would produce good agreement with both the steady state and transient data for the integral economizertype OTSG. The Macbeth correlation was the best for the OTSG with a recirculation path; however, it was not entirely satisfactory due to a slight delay in its prediction of CHF A loss-of-feedwater transient was modeled using the Macbeth CHF correlation and compared to experimental data with satisfactory results.