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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Thiagarajan Gnanasekaran, Hans U. Borgstedt, Günther Frees
Nuclear Technology | Volume 59 | Number 1 | October 1982 | Pages 165-169
Technical Paper | Technique | doi.org/10.13182/NT82-A33062
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An electrochemical carbon meter using liquid Na2CO3-Li2CO3 eutectic contained in a thin-walled iron membrane cup was constructed. A reference electrode was kept immersed in the electrolyte. The membrane cup assembly was dipped into static sodium for analysis. Carbon in sodium equilibrates with the iron membrane. An electromotive force was developed across the electrolyte due to the presence of a carbon activity difference and this was measured using a high impedance digital volt meter. The measured electromotive force was dependent on the type of reference electrode used in the probe. Further characterization of the reference electrodes is needed for the reliable operation of this type of carbon meter for sodium. However, graphite seems to fit best the requirements of materials for use as the reference electrode.
