Semiannual refueling was evaluated as an alternative to the current annual refueling interval for pressurized water reactors. A reference refueling shutdown schedule was established and, by reviewing critical path outage tasks, a minimum duration refueling-only outage was postulated. An improved refueling system consisting of two cantilever-mounted refueling machines and two fuel transfer systems was developed, and an advanced fuel management scheme was examined that reduced the amount of fuel shuffled. In addition, an economic evaluation was performed to determine breakeven energy costs.