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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Deep Space: The new frontier of radiation controls
In commercial nuclear power, there has always been a deliberate tension between the regulator and the utility owner. The regulator fundamentally exists to protect the worker, and the utility, to make a profit. It is a win-win balance.
From the U.S. nuclear industry has emerged a brilliantly successful occupational nuclear safety record—largely the result of an ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) process that has driven exposure rates down to what only a decade ago would have been considered unthinkable. In the U.S. nuclear industry, the system has accomplished an excellent, nearly seamless process that succeeds to the benefit of both employee and utility owner.
A. R. Shepherd, J. N. Anno
Nuclear Technology | Volume 52 | Number 3 | March 1981 | Pages 435-436
Technical Note | Material | doi.org/10.13182/NT81-A32719
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Radiation-induced outgassing was measured for several metals exposed to 60Co gamma radiation. The metals, in the form of tubes or rods, were placed in a Type 304 stainless-steel vacuum system. It was determined that the array of the pins (either square or hexagonal) did not significantly affect the results. The measurements for Type 304 stainless steel varied from (1.42 ± 1.75) × 10−9 (Pa - ℓ)/(cm2 ·s) per Mrad/h for a surface-to-volume (S/V) ratio of 8.64 cm−1 to (9.58 ± 3.81) ×10−10(pa - ℓ)/(cm2·s) for an S/V ratio of 3.08 cm−1. For Type 316 stainless steel, the determination was (1.18 ± 0.49) × 10−9 (pa - ℓ)/(cm2·s) per Mrad/h, for aluminum the value was (6.24 ± 17.2) × 10−10 and for carbon (2.28 ± 0.59) × 10−9 (pa - ℓ.)/(cm2·s) per Mrad/h. The determinations were made by comparing the rate-of-rise pressure curves with and without gamma radiation, and large errors resulted when the differences were small.