ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Division Spotlight
Isotopes & Radiation
Members are devoted to applying nuclear science and engineering technologies involving isotopes, radiation applications, and associated equipment in scientific research, development, and industrial processes. Their interests lie primarily in education, industrial uses, biology, medicine, and health physics. Division committees include Analytical Applications of Isotopes and Radiation, Biology and Medicine, Radiation Applications, Radiation Sources and Detection, and Thermal Power Sources.
Meeting Spotlight
ANS Student Conference 2025
April 3–5, 2025
Albuquerque, NM|The University of New Mexico
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Apr 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
May 2025
Nuclear Technology
April 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
First astatine-labeled compound shipped in the U.S.
The Department of Energy’s National Isotope Development Center (NIDC) on March 31 announced the successful long-distance shipment in the United States of a biologically active compound labeled with the medical radioisotope astatine-211 (At-211). Because previous shipments have included only the “bare” isotope, the NIDC has described the development as “unleashing medical innovation.”
Klaus Kuehnel, Klaus-Deiter Richter, Gerhard Drescher, Ivo Endrizzi
Nuclear Technology | Volume 137 | Number 2 | February 2002 | Pages 73-83
Technical Paper | Fission Reactors | doi.org/10.13182/NT02-A3258
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Operating nuclear fuel to higher discharge burnups reduces not only fuel cycle costs but also the volume of radioactive waste requiring disposal. In pressurized water reactors (PWRs), high local power densities are a prerequisite for achieving a high batch burnup.The range of maximum power densities that can be exploited for in-core fuel management and operational flexibility is restricted by the limiting conditions for operation obtained from analyses of anticipated operational occurrences and hypothetical accidents.Since utilities mainly use available margins for implementing advanced in-core fuel management strategies or for power uprating, a suitable parameter for making a rough comparison of the present thermal-hydraulic design status of different PWRs is the maximum local heat flux achieved during actual cycles under steady-state full-power conditions. A comparison between Siemens PWRs and the PWR designs of other vendors shows that the maximum local power densities during steady-state operation are usually higher in Siemens PWRs.The main reasons why higher power densities are permissible can usually be attributed to different core surveillance concepts (instrumentation and control) in conjunction with different control assembly management schemes. Moreover, two representative studies conducted with a new methodology using the three-dimensional neutronics/thermal-hydraulics coupled code PANBOX for core transient analysis present additional margins. Especially in plants using the Siemens core surveillance concept, the new methodology yields significant additional margins for PWRs to be operated with even higher permissible local power densities.The additional departure from nucleate boiling ratio (DNBR) margin gained in the representative studies was 0.38. However, utilization of this additional margin is accompanied by larger void fractions within the upper section of the hot channel during normal operation. Therefore, increasing steady-state maximum power densities has to be done gradually while collecting and evaluating operating experience each time. Depending on the specific circumstances at a plant, the gained margin can be utilized not only for more economical core loading patterns (improved low-leakage loading and/or elimination of burnable absorbers) or power uprating but also, in Siemens PWRs, to eliminate having to readjust the DNBR limitation circuit for one or more cycles.Although the concept presented here is specifically tailored to Siemens PWRs, it is obvious that the application of a three-dimensional neutronics/thermal-hydraulics coupled code could also provide significant benefits for non-Siemens PWRs as well.