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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Chung-Yi Wang
Nuclear Technology | Volume 51 | Number 3 | December 1980 | Pages 400-413
Technical Paper | Mechanics Applications to Fast Breeder Reactor Safety / Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT80-A32576
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The implicit continuous-fluid Eulerian containment code has been extended to treat the hydrodynamics of high-energy excursions that involve shock-wave propagation, large amplitude free-surface motion, and fluid cavitation. In the analysis, an implicit-time-integration scheme is used to solve the Eulerian hydrodynamic equations. Stress-continuity equations are employed to treat the free-surface boundary conditions. Also, a simple equation of state is developed to model a cavitated fluid. As a result, numerical computations can be carried out readily and accurately without using complementary mechanisms such as artificial viscosities, mesh regularization, and rezoning. For the purpose of illustrating the advantages of the formulation, code simulations of the U.K./Italy code validation experiments are made. Good agreement between the analytical and experimental results are shown. This indicates that analyses of high-energy excursions involving shock-wave propagation and fluid cavitation are successfully performed with a Eulerian hydrodynamics code.