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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
Henry J. Petroski, John L. Glazik, Jr.
Nuclear Technology | Volume 51 | Number 3 | December 1980 | Pages 303-316
Technical Paper | Mechanics Applications to Fast Breeder Reactor Safety / Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT80-A32569
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A simple model for the cracked cylindrical shell, which employs only familiar concepts from applied mechanics, gives insight into the effects of cracks on structural response. The model provides analytical expressions for plane-strain bending deformations induced by the cracks and enables qualitative and quantitative generalizations to be made about the effects of different sizes and numbers of cracks and different loading conditions. These bending deformations, which are absent in a uniformly pressurized flawless shell, can dominate the response of a deeply cracked shell. The simple model may be calibrated with only two static deflection measurements made on a real shell or determined from a finite element model Then the dynamic response is easily established for arbitrary time-dependent loadings. The predictions of the simple model are in agreement with finite element results and provide conservative bounds on the additional elastic bending deflections induced by cracks in reactor vessels, piping, and other shell-like components.