ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2025 ANS Winter Conference & Expo
November 8–12, 2025
Washington, DC|Washington Hilton
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Oct 2025
Jul 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
November 2025
Nuclear Technology
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
My story: Stanley Levinson—ANS member since 1983
Levinson early in his career and today.
As a member of the American Nuclear Society, I have been to many conferences. The International Conference on Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Analysis (PSA ’25), embedded in ANS Annual Meeting in Chicago in June, held special significance for me with the PSA ’25 opening plenary session recognizing the 50th anniversary of the publication of WASH-1400, which helped define my career. Reflecting on that milestone sent me back to 1975, when I was just an undergraduate student studying nuclear engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in Troy, N.Y., focusing on my mechanics, fluids, and thermodynamic classes as well as my first set of nuclear engineering classes. At that time—and many times since—the question “Why nuclear engineering?” was raised.
Gene D. Holter, Stephen E. Binney
Nuclear Technology | Volume 39 | Number 3 | August 1978 | Pages 266-274
Technical Paper | Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT78-A32056
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Empirical data concerning fission product gamma spectra after reactor shutdown were examined. Data were ample for times long after shutdown and for long irradiation times, when long-lived nuclides predominate. However, the earlier times, which are critical to the function of the emergency core cooling system (ECCS), are ultimately more important. A simplified method of estimating gamma spectra was used, which involved sorting nuclides with known gamma spectra into “boxes” on the basis of simple nuclear systematics. A normalized spectrum for each nuclide was created from the relative intensity of each gamma energy. Nuclides were sorted by oddness or evenness of the neutron or proton number, distance from magic numbers, and distance from beta stability. In all sortings, the standard deviations of energy groups were quite large, primarily due to the fact that gamma spectra of most nuclides have a few strong lines rather than a series of many weak lines. Composite spectra were formulated from the individually sorted spectra by weighting the average relative intensities. An optimal combination of weights was derived from the composite spectra; this combination of weights was relatively independent of the number of energy groups used and the size of the magic number “bandwidth.” The optimal width for odd-evenness was usually about twice that for distance from magic number, while the weight for distance from beta stability was negligible. Final spectra representative of a specific reactor model were obtained by applying composite spectra to those fission products that contribute significant gamma activity after shutdown. For a fixed time after shutdown, final spectra for long irradiation times were more smooth than for short irradiation times. The most notable feature was a decisive shift toward softer, but less smooth, spectra as time after shutdown increased. This shift is fortunate for decay heat removal purposes, since relatively harder spectra are present before the ECCS comes into service.