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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Wiktor Śyszkowski
Nuclear Technology | Volume 33 | Number 1 | April 1977 | Pages 40-59
Technical Paper | Fuel | doi.org/10.13182/NT77-A31762
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An experimental investigation of thermal interaction of molten metals with cold liquids was made using measurements of transient temperature, pressure, and reactive force; postexperiment microscopic, metallographic, and chemical investigations completed the results. Thermal explosion, film boiling, and inverse Leidenfrost phenomena were considered. The origin of “jets” of small particles from the main particle was found to be a triggering mechanism of thermal explosion. Thermal explosion can be a phenomenon of coupled fragmentation and vapor explosion. Fast solidification was recognized as the main process that influenced fragmentation of the hot metal.