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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Jerry F. Kerrisk, John O. Barner, Roy L. Petty
Nuclear Technology | Volume 30 | Number 3 | September 1976 | Pages 361-375
Technical Paper | Uranium Resource / Fuel | doi.org/10.13182/NT76-A31650
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Cladding ovalities or localized oval regions in the cladding have been observed in many advanced liquid-metal fast breeder reactor fuel elements. The occurrence of ovalities can be related to an internal fuel element mechanism, and in particular to a localized nonaxisymmetric fuel-cladding mechanical interaction resulting from fuel cracking and rearrangement. Elastic calculations of the cladding shape in the vicinity of an ovality have been performed using a simplified model of the fuel-cladding mechanical interaction. A comparison between the calculated and measured ovality shapes shows good agreement. The size of ovalities as measured at room temperature has also been related to the size at operating conditions. Both membrane and bending stresses that are associated with ovalities have been calculated. Ovalities observed in advanced fuel elements increase in size with increasing burnup, but are independent of cladding thickness, gap size, and peak linear power. Data from a pair of similar elements with annealed and cold-worked cladding may indicate a significant inelastic deformation associated with ovalities.