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ANS Student Conference 2025
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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Masaki Ozawa, Yuichi Sano, Chisako Ohara, Takamichi Kishi
Nuclear Technology | Volume 130 | Number 2 | May 2000 | Pages 196-205
Technical Paper | Radioactive Waste Management and Disposal | doi.org/10.13182/NT00-A3087
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Electrolytic extraction of noble metals from nitric acid media was investigated. The largest deposition yield was obtained for Pd, supported by its large rate constants. Rate constants of RuNO3+ and ReO4- were, however, smaller than that of Pd2+; their yield can be improved under high cathode current supply in lower nitric acid concentration. Rather high apparent activation energy was observed for the deposition of RuNO3+. Peculiar masking or synergistic effects in their electrodeposition behaviors might be due to mutual interaction of RuNO3+, Pd2+ with ReO4- in nitric acid solution. Sufficiently different redissolution potentials for deposited metals indicate their fractional recovery by anode processing.Mediatory electrochemical oxidation (MEO) was investigated for the mineralization of waste OD[iB]CMPO (hereafter CMPO) by burning its bulky hydrocarbon moiety under the existence of various kinds of metal ions. Only Ag2+/+ offered high-current efficiency up to 75%, fairly exceeding that by direct electrooxidation. Redox coupling characterized by a simple electron transfer, Mm+ + ne- <=> M(m-n)+ provided high E0, will act exactly as an active mediator. As for the destruction paths for CMPO by MEO, cleavage between carbonyl C and N of amide moiety was of principal importance. The coupling of Co3+/2+ is also recommended because of hydraulic advantages.
