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ANS Student Conference 2025
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Albuquerque, NM|The University of New Mexico
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Norway’s Halden reactor takes first step toward decommissioning
The government of Norway has granted the transfer of the Halden research reactor from the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) to the state agency Norwegian Nuclear Decommissioning (NND). The 25-MWt Halden boiling water reactor operated from 1958 to 2018 and was used in the research of nuclear fuel, reactor internals, plant procedures and monitoring, and human factors.
M. Kelm, E. Bohnert
Nuclear Technology | Volume 129 | Number 1 | January 2000 | Pages 123-130
Technical Paper | Radioactive Waste Management and Disposal | doi.org/10.13182/NT00-A3051
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The radiation chemical reactions in gamma-irradiated 2 to 5.3 mol/l NaCl solutions were mathematically modeled by elementary reactions proceeding in parallel. The calculations showed that if all radiolytic gases could escape from the solution, only three final compounds would be formed proportional to the dose and independent from the dose rate: H2, O2, and chlorate. All other products and intermediates reached a steady-state concentration after ~1 kGy. Within certain limits, the yields of final radiolytic products were determined solely by the primary G values of H2 and H2O2. The results of the corresponding irradiation experiments carried out in glass ampoules up to ~1 MGy were in good agreement with the calculations. The simulation of the radiolysis under the condition that all gaseous products remain dissolved in the solution showed a nearly constant formation rate for hydrogen and oxygen. As opposed to this, the experiments conducted in autoclaves resulted in nearly steady-state conditions for the gases at some 100 kGy at a pressure of ~35 bars. For chlorate, the experiments and the calculation gave a constant concentration of a few micromoles per litre in 5.3 mol/l NaCl solution. A better correspondence between experiments and the simulation was achieved for the gases when the reaction model was extended for interaction of corrosion products from the autoclaves.