Project Buggy, the first nuclear row-excavation experiment, was an important experiment in that it confirmed the basic concepts of channel excavation derived from HE experiments at very low yields, and proved the value of theoretical cratering calculations in predicting the effects of a nuclear detonation in an untested environment. Five nuclear explosives, each with a yield of 1.1 kt, were detonated simultaneously on March 12, 1968 in a dry, complex basalt formation on Chukar Mesa, Nevada Test Site. The explosives were buried at a depth of 41.1 m (135 ft) and spaced 45.7 m (150 ft) apart. The channel excavated has an average width of 77.4 m (254 ft), a depth of 19.8 m (65 ft), and a length of 261 m (855 ft), all measured with respect to the original ground surface. These apparent dimensions are significantly smaller than those which would be predicted on the basis of Danny Boy dimensions in the Buckboard Basalt (width, 10% less; depth, 19% less). It is believed that the small crater dimensions are due largely to the geologic conditions existing at the Buggy site. Differences in the cratering characteristics of the two basalt formations were determined by cratering calculations (TENSOR Code) prior to the detonation and the depth of burst was selected on the basis of these calculations. From the spacing of 150 ft between explosives, it was concluded that relatively large spacings can produce channels in hard rock free of noticeable scalloping or severe irregularities, even when adverse geologic conditions are present. The base surge, or cloud, which is characteristic of both nuclear and high-explosives cratering detonations, was quite circular and attained a diameter of 1157 m (3800 ft) at ∼40 sec. Integration of the fallout pattern out to infinity indicates an equivalent of 35 tons of fission products were deposited.