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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
Björn Gylling, Luis Moreno, Ivars Neretnieks
Nuclear Technology | Volume 122 | Number 1 | April 1998 | Pages 93-103
Technical Paper | Radioactive Waste Management and Disposal | doi.org/10.13182/NT98-A2854
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The release from initially damaged canisters for spent fuel located in crystalline rock is calculated. The radionuclide transport through the near field is calculated using the compartment model (NUCTRAN), and then the channel network concept (CHAN3D) is used for the transport in the far field. The flow rates at certain canister locations from the flow field generated by CHAN3D are used as input data to NUCTRAN, and then the near-field release is used as input to the far-field transport simulations. The models are applied to a hypothetical repository layout located at the Swedish Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory site. The hydraulic data and the flow-wetted surface area used in the model are estimated from hydraulic measurements. Release rate calculations for several radionuclides are performed to illustrate the model-coupling concept. The coupled models can be used as an efficient tool to simulate release from a repository and the transport to a recipient.
