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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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Deep Space: The new frontier of radiation controls
In commercial nuclear power, there has always been a deliberate tension between the regulator and the utility owner. The regulator fundamentally exists to protect the worker, and the utility, to make a profit. It is a win-win balance.
From the U.S. nuclear industry has emerged a brilliantly successful occupational nuclear safety record—largely the result of an ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) process that has driven exposure rates down to what only a decade ago would have been considered unthinkable. In the U.S. nuclear industry, the system has accomplished an excellent, nearly seamless process that succeeds to the benefit of both employee and utility owner.
I. A. Maslov, V. A. Lucknitsky, N. M. Karnaukhova, G. I. Karaganova
Nuclear Technology | Volume 7 | Number 4 | October 1969 | Pages 389-392
Analysis | doi.org/10.13182/NT69-A28483
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
To measure the evaporation rate of solids in vacuum, the evaporating substance was condensed on a water-cooled lead plate. The plate with the condensate was removed, irradiated by neutrons, and etched in a mixture of nitric and hydrofluoric acids, and the radioactive isotopes in the solution were identified. The possibilities of the method are illustrated by the measurement of the molybdenum metal and zirconium carbide evaporation rates. The amount of molybdenum (99Mo) was determined by direct γ-spectrometry of the solution. In the case of zirconium, radiochemical isolation of 95Zr from the mixture of antimony, zinc, tantalum, and hafnium present in the solution in amounts commensurable with that of zirconium was suggested. The vaporization experiment was carried out in a vacuum ∼10-5 to 10-6 Torr. The measured values of the molybdenum and zirconium carbide evaporation rates in the temperature range ∼1900 to 2400°C are given.
