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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Jan-Ru Tang, Lainsu Kao, Der-Yeong Shiau, Lin-Yao Chou, Ching-Chuan Yao, Show-Chyuan Chiang
Nuclear Technology | Volume 121 | Number 3 | March 1998 | Pages 302-312
Technical Paper | RETRAN | doi.org/10.13182/NT98-A2842
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Two analyses for Chinshan nuclear power station (CSNPS) show the RETRAN applications in reactor operations. One was used to find the root cause of a reactor trip due to high neutron flux (APRM Hi-Hi). Two of the four turbine control valves failed and closed rapidly. Whether the pressure increase caused the APRM Hi-Hi reactor scram was questioned. An analysis was performed to determine the way to bring unit 1 back to power. The second analysis was conducted to provide an evaluation of the consequences before a plant test planned for late 1994 to consider a design change upgrading recirculation flow control. However, there were concerns about reactor scram during execution of the test and the potential of entering the exclusive region of instability. Sensitivity studies on several different combinations of initial conditions and feedwater flow coastdown curves indicated potential problems with reactor trip and stability.