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ANS Student Conference 2025
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Albuquerque, NM|The University of New Mexico
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Norway’s Halden reactor takes first step toward decommissioning
The government of Norway has granted the transfer of the Halden research reactor from the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) to the state agency Norwegian Nuclear Decommissioning (NND). The 25-MWt Halden boiling water reactor operated from 1958 to 2018 and was used in the research of nuclear fuel, reactor internals, plant procedures and monitoring, and human factors.
O. M. Stansfield
Nuclear Technology | Volume 6 | Number 4 | April 1969 | Pages 313-320
Technical Papers and Note | doi.org/10.13182/NT69-A28339
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Four high-strength, fine-grain commercial-graphite friction couples were rubbed with oscillating motion for a distance of 6250 or 12 000 cm in dry helium (∼ 2 ppm H2O) at 25, 400, and 800°C. Loads of 2 or 8 kg were used to produce nominal contact pressures of between 4.2 and 35.0 kg/cm2. The friction coefficient for all the materials was a complex function of sliding distance, temperature, and degree of outgassing prior to sliding. When the graphites were outgassed at 400°C, the friction during initial sliding (25 to 250 cm) at 25, 400, and 800°C first increased by factors of 1.1 to 4 and then decreased rapidly to values similar to that at the onset of sliding. The maximum friction transients of outgassed graphite were observed at 400°C, and minimums were observed at 800°C. The transient was not produced when outgassing and sliding were conducted at 25°C. The friction coefficient for most of the sliding distance varied between 0.35 and 0.40 at 25 and 400°C, while at 800°C the typical coefficient was 0.30. Wear properties of the graphites appeared similar. During sliding under equal loads, the wear at 25°C was about ten times greater than at 400 or 800°C. The wear rate apparently decreased rapidly with sliding distance. Wear factors ranging from 3 × 10−5 to 5 × 10−4 cm3/kg load were measured at 400 and 800°C for both 6250 and 12 500 cm sliding distance.