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First astatine-labeled compound shipped in the U.S.
The Department of Energy’s National Isotope Development Center (NIDC) on March 31 announced the successful long-distance shipment in the United States of a biologically active compound labeled with the medical radioisotope astatine-211 (At-211). Because previous shipments have included only the “bare” isotope, the NIDC has described the development as “unleashing medical innovation.”
O. M. Stansfield
Nuclear Technology | Volume 6 | Number 4 | April 1969 | Pages 313-320
Technical Papers and Note | doi.org/10.13182/NT69-A28339
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Four high-strength, fine-grain commercial-graphite friction couples were rubbed with oscillating motion for a distance of 6250 or 12 000 cm in dry helium (∼ 2 ppm H2O) at 25, 400, and 800°C. Loads of 2 or 8 kg were used to produce nominal contact pressures of between 4.2 and 35.0 kg/cm2. The friction coefficient for all the materials was a complex function of sliding distance, temperature, and degree of outgassing prior to sliding. When the graphites were outgassed at 400°C, the friction during initial sliding (25 to 250 cm) at 25, 400, and 800°C first increased by factors of 1.1 to 4 and then decreased rapidly to values similar to that at the onset of sliding. The maximum friction transients of outgassed graphite were observed at 400°C, and minimums were observed at 800°C. The transient was not produced when outgassing and sliding were conducted at 25°C. The friction coefficient for most of the sliding distance varied between 0.35 and 0.40 at 25 and 400°C, while at 800°C the typical coefficient was 0.30. Wear properties of the graphites appeared similar. During sliding under equal loads, the wear at 25°C was about ten times greater than at 400 or 800°C. The wear rate apparently decreased rapidly with sliding distance. Wear factors ranging from 3 × 10−5 to 5 × 10−4 cm3/kg load were measured at 400 and 800°C for both 6250 and 12 500 cm sliding distance.