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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Sidney Katz, George I. Cathers
Nuclear Technology | Volume 5 | Number 4 | October 1968 | Pages 206-210
Technical Paper and Note | doi.org/10.13182/NT68-A28020
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Laboratory experiments showed that neptunium hexafluoride is sorbed more effectively by sodium fluoride at 200°C than by the fluorides of lithium, magnesium, and calcium at 100 to 400°C. The equilibrium pressure of NpF6 over the complex formed with sodium fluoride in the presence of fluorine was measured. A sorption-desorption method based upon the difference in equilibrium pressures of the hexafluorides of neptunium and uranium over the sodium fluoride complex does not appear to be useful for separating neptunium hexafluoride from uranium hexafluoride at neptunium: uranium weight ratios that usually exist in spent nuclear fuels. However, favorable results were obtained with a method that involves cosorbing the neptunium and uranium hexafluorides, reducing the neptunium in the NpF6-NaF complex, desorbing the uranium, and refluorinating and desorbing the neptunium. The development of the latter method is described, and the inherent problems and the effects of variables are discussed.