The instantaneous effects of nuclear radiation on thermocouple calibration were measured using Chromel-Alumel and iron-Constantan thermocouples. Electromotive force shifts of 2 to 4°C were found at radiation levels of 1016 n/(cm2 sec) (fast and thermal) and 1010 R/h. These changes were attributed to local gamma heating of the thermocouple bead rather than to a change in the thermoelectric power of the thermocouple materials. In separate experiments, no transient changes were noted in thermocouple calibration (± 1.0°C) following a change in radiation level of ≤ 7 × 1012 n/(cm2 sec) (thermal and fast) and 7 × 106 R/h.