ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2025
Nuclear Technology
August 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
G. E. Miller
Nuclear Technology | Volume 5 | Number 2 | August 1968 | Pages 68-73
Technical Paper and Note | doi.org/10.13182/NT68-A27953
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Eight hundred fifty aluminum-10 wt% plutonium alloy fuel rods containing ∼55 kg of plutonium were fabricated by an injection casting process and encapsulated in Zircaloy-2 tubing. Casting was accomplished by inserting one end of a 0.610-in.-i.d. × 42-in.-long Pyrex glass mold into the molten alloy and then evacuating the mold. The diameter of the cast rods was 0.600 in. ± 0.001 in. with an average length of 38 in. Each element contained two or more of the fuel rods, totaling 47.75 in. in length. Unheated Pyrex molds produced higher quality castings than 1) unheated mild steel molds, 2) heated Pyrex molds, or 3) heated mild steel molds. Plutonium melt homogeneity was significantly improved by changing from intermittent melt stirring to continuous melt stirring prior to casting.
