ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Division Spotlight
Education, Training & Workforce Development
The Education, Training & Workforce Development Division provides communication among the academic, industrial, and governmental communities through the exchange of views and information on matters related to education, training and workforce development in nuclear and radiological science, engineering, and technology. Industry leaders, education and training professionals, and interested students work together through Society-sponsored meetings and publications, to enrich their professional development, to educate the general public, and to advance nuclear and radiological science and engineering.
Meeting Spotlight
Utility Working Conference and Vendor Technology Expo (UWC 2024)
August 4–7, 2024
Marco Island, FL|JW Marriott Marco Island
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2024
Jan 2024
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
August 2024
Nuclear Technology
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Four million nuclear jobs by 2050: Who will do them?
Industry leaders from around the globe met this month to discuss the talent development that will be necessary for the long-term success of the nuclear industry.
The International Conference on Nuclear Knowledge Management and Human Resources Development, hosted by the International Atomic Energy Agency, was held in Vienna earlier this month. Discussed there was the agency’s forecast for nuclear capacity to more than double—or hopefully triple—by 2050 and the requirement of more than four million professionals to support the industry.
Merril Eisenbud
Nuclear Technology | Volume 87 | Number 2 | October 1989 | Pages 514-519
Technical Paper | TMI-2: Health Physics and Environmental Release / Radiation Biology and Environment | doi.org/10.13182/NT89-A27746
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Destruction of the core of Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) resulted in the release of large quantities of primary coolant into the reactor, auxiliary, and fuel handling buildings. Volatile fission products, mainly noble gases, with lesser amounts of radioiodines, escaped into the plant atmosphere and were discharged to the environment via the stack from the plant ventilation system. The contaminated water was retained within the buildings, from which no uncontrolled releases occurred. Radiation monitoring personnel from several government agencies and national laboratories were quickly assembled at TMI-2. The data they collected were analyzed by specialists from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania; the national laboratories operated by the U.S. Department of Energy; the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission; the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. These efforts made it possible to develop estimates of the dose received by the maximally exposed individual and the collective dose received by the more than two million people who lived within 80.5 km from the plant. The collective dose estimates ranged from 28 to 35 person-Sv (2800 to 3500 person-rem). The maximum dose to any individual was estimated to be <1 mSv (100 mrem). Essentially all of the off-site collective dose was due to the release of ∼370 PBq (10 million Ci) of noble gases. In addition, <1.1 TBq (30 Ci) of 131I and 0.148 TBq (4 Ci) of 133I are estimated to have been released to the atmosphere, with small amounts of other radionuclides released to the Susquehanna River. When accepted risk coefficients are applied to the estimates of collective dose, it is concluded that no radiation-induced cancers would be expected to occur in the lifetime of the exposed population.