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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
August W. Cronenberg, E. L. Tolman
Nuclear Technology | Volume 87 | Number 1 | August 1989 | Pages 273-282
Technical Paper | TMI-2: Materials Behavior / Nuclear Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT89-A27654
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Inspection of the Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) reactor vessel has yielded a wealth of information on core melt debris thermal interactions with vessel internal structures. The observed damage state of such structures is summarized and an analysis is presented to further the understanding of governing physical processes. Specifically, thermal damage is assessed for the baffle plates surrounding the core periphery, the core former plates, the bottom head instrument penetrations, and the lower head. Analysis indicates that differences in damage characteristics to such structures are due largely to differences in contact time with molten corium, the heat capacity of the various structures, and exposure to coolant. Vessel and debris examinations corroborate the present understanding of melt debris/structural interactions during the melt relocation phase of the TMI-2 accident.