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ANS Student Conference 2025
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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
W. Berkhahn, W. Ehrfeld, G. Krieg
Nuclear Technology | Volume 40 | Number 3 | October 1978 | Pages 329-340
Technical Paper | Isotope Separation | doi.org/10.13182/NT78-A26731
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In the separation nozzle process, uranium isotope separation is based on the mass dependence of the centrifugal forces in a fast curved flow consisting of uranium hexafluoride and a light auxiliary gas that is admixed in a high molar excess. The objectives of this investigation are to determine the dependence of the separating characteristics of a centrifugal flow field on its spatial structure. Calculations were carried out for small UF6 mole fractions in the light auxiliary gas, so that the complicated ternary diffusion equations are reduced to two simple binary diffusion equations. The calculations show that isotope separation increases with the radial displacement of the UF6 streamlines relative to the auxiliary gas. Favorable initial distributions for a large radial shifting of UF6 exist when the flux, at the beginning of deflection, is high for small deflection radii, whereas at the end of deflection, the UF6 should be concentrated at large radii near the outer deflection wall. Consequently, a radial decrease of flow velocity, a high ratio of nozzle width to deflection radius, and high centrifugal fields at the end of deflection yield high separation effects. Taking into account the interdependence between the gas flow rate, the viscous losses, and the diffusion coefficient, the model developed can predict the influence of geometric parameters on the separating characteristics of the nozzle.