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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Naomichi Kanegae, Koh Hashiguchi, Ichiro Ikemoto, Masao Hori
Nuclear Technology | Volume 40 | Number 3 | October 1978 | Pages 261-277
Technical Paper | Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT78-A26724
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The wastage effects of a sodium-water reaction resulting from a small leak in a liquid-metal fast breeder reactor steam generator were investigated. These experiments were conducted at low steam injection rates, ranging from 0.07 to 13.8 g/s, with the following test conditions: sodium temperature 480°C, sodium velocity 0.24 m/s, and target material Cr—1 Mo steel. Employed were nozzle diameters (D) from 0.2 to 1.5 mm, nozzle-to-target distances (L) from 5 to 100 mm, and L/D ratios from 7.14 to 400. An empirical equation of wastage rate of Cr— 1 Mo steel was obtained, including parameters of sodium temperature, steam injection rate, and nozzle-to-target distance. The depth curves and the widths of the area affected by wastage were examined. These test results were applied to the safety considerations for the prototype steam generators in Japan.