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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Alfred Chrubasik, Jürgen Hofmann, Horst Vietzke
Nuclear Technology | Volume 49 | Number 3 | August 1980 | Pages 469-473
Technical Paper | Radioactive Waste | doi.org/10.13182/NT80-A17694
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
For volume reduction of organic alpha waste and plutonium recovery, a pyrohydrolytic process has been developed in laboratory scale up to 4.16 × 10−4. kg waste/s (1.5 kg/h). In this process the organic compounds are reacted with steam in the temperature range of from 873 to 1123 K. This new process shows some remarkable benefits—good control of the temperature by its endothermic course and therefore easy plutonium recovery from the ashes; low quantities of secondary waste and high decontamination factors resulting from low gas velocities; the ability to complete the process using metal-made equipment. The technical design of a pilot plant with a throughput of from 6.94 × 10−3 to 1.38 × 10−2 kg waste/s (25 to 50 kg/h) is available.