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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
I. K. Park, J. H. Kim, S. H. Hong, S. W. Hong
Nuclear Technology | Volume 182 | Number 3 | June 2013 | Pages 302-314
Technical Paper | Thermal Hydraulics | doi.org/10.13182/NT13-A16981
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The Test for Real cOrium Interaction with water (TROI) experiments have been performed to reveal unsolved issues of a steam explosion using real core material at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. One of the findings from the TROI experiments is that the results of a fuel coolant interaction (FCI) are strongly dependent on the composition of corium, which is composed of UO2, ZrO2, Zr, and steel.The TROI tests were analyzed in view of a particle size response for various types of fuel coolant explosions. This can provide an understanding about the relationship between an initial condition, the mixing, and the explosion. The particle size distribution data from the TROI tests and a single-particle film boiling model were used for all these analyses.The difference between a quenched FCI and an explosive FCI was defined by comparing the final particle size. This analysis indicates that an explosive FCI resulted in a large amount of fine particles and in a small amount of large-sized particles. With this, the mixing size of the particles that participate in the steam explosion and the fine-particle size produced from a steam explosion can be defined in the TROI test.The particle size distributions of the quenched TROI tests were then considered. We note that the explosive test results cannot provide information on the mixing process. This analysis on the particle size indicates that a self-triggered system includes large-sized particles to participate in a steam explosion, but a non-self-triggered system includes smaller-sized particles and more fine-sized particles.Finally, the explosion potentials of the quenched TROI tests were compared to each other. Thus, the single-particle film boiling model based on the particle size distribution provides the explanation for the explosion behaviors of a variety of melts.