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Division Spotlight
Fuel Cycle & Waste Management
Devoted to all aspects of the nuclear fuel cycle including waste management, worldwide. Division specific areas of interest and involvement include uranium conversion and enrichment; fuel fabrication, management (in-core and ex-core) and recycle; transportation; safeguards; high-level, low-level and mixed waste management and disposal; public policy and program management; decontamination and decommissioning environmental restoration; and excess weapons materials disposition.
Meeting Spotlight
Utility Working Conference and Vendor Technology Expo (UWC 2024)
August 4–7, 2024
Marco Island, FL|JW Marriott Marco Island
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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Latest News
Four million nuclear jobs by 2050: Who will do them?
Industry leaders from around the globe met this month to discuss the talent development that will be necessary for the long-term success of the nuclear industry.
The International Conference on Nuclear Knowledge Management and Human Resources Development, hosted by the International Atomic Energy Agency, was held in Vienna earlier this month. Discussed there was the agency’s forecast for nuclear capacity to more than double—or hopefully triple—by 2050 and the requirement of more than four million professionals to support the industry.
August W. Cronenberg, Daniel J. Osetek
Nuclear Technology | Volume 81 | Number 3 | June 1988 | Pages 347-359
Technical Paper | Nuclear Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT88-A16056
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The chemical reaction kinetics of fission product iodine and cesium released from fuel to a steam/hydrogen atmosphere are investigated at conditions associated with severe core damage accidents. The results are used to assess the time to establish equilibrium and the ultimate chemical form of iodine and cesium as a function of gas mixture concentration and temperature conditions. Illustrative calculations are presented for interpretation of the chemical form of iodine and cesium during the Three Mile Island Unit 2 accident, as well as for recent severe fuel damage experiments. At low fission product concentrations (fission product/steam mole ratio < 10−8), the time to establish equilibrium may be on the order of tens of seconds, with the principal species being CsOH and HI. However, at fission product/steam mole ratios exceeding 10−5, the principal species are CsOH and Csl, with an equilibrium time of ∼10−4 s. Concentration conditions thus influence the ultimate chemical form of fission products in a steam/hydrogen gas mixture and the time to establish thermochemical equilibrium. Fission product concentration conditions should therefore be considered in the specification of the chemical form of iodine and cesium gas-phase transport for nuclear plant accident consequence analysis.