ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2025
Nuclear Technology
August 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Deep Space: The new frontier of radiation controls
In commercial nuclear power, there has always been a deliberate tension between the regulator and the utility owner. The regulator fundamentally exists to protect the worker, and the utility, to make a profit. It is a win-win balance.
From the U.S. nuclear industry has emerged a brilliantly successful occupational nuclear safety record—largely the result of an ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) process that has driven exposure rates down to what only a decade ago would have been considered unthinkable. In the U.S. nuclear industry, the system has accomplished an excellent, nearly seamless process that succeeds to the benefit of both employee and utility owner.
O. J. Wallace, N. D. Cook
Nuclear Technology | Volume 23 | Number 3 | September 1974 | Pages 306-317
Technical Paper | Shielding | doi.org/10.13182/NT74-A15923
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Ray tracing, the process of finding the distance through the various layers of shielding material in a reactor compartment, is a basic operation of both point-kernel and Monte Carlo computer programs. Interdependent shield-definition and ray-tracing algorithms have been developed that allow the components of a reactor to be described as individual shield units in a geometrically convenient manner and with one-, two-, or three-dimensional material variation. Rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical geometries are allowed. These shield units may be combined using a recursive embedding technique; the cells formed by the coordinate surfaces describing a shield unit may be filled either by material compositions or by cell-shaped portions of subsidiary shield units, to many levels of recursion. Ray tracing through such a shield array proceeds from coordinate surface to coordinate surface. Distances are calculated by explicit formulas in each of the three permitted geometries.