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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
A. Kryukov, A. Ballesteros, C. Bruynooghe, U. Von Estorff
Nuclear Technology | Volume 180 | Number 3 | December 2012 | Pages 443-449
Technical Paper | Special Issue on the Initial Release of MCNP6 / Materials for Nuclear Systems | doi.org/10.13182/NT12-A15355
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This paper presents the capabilities of the International Database on Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) Materials (the Database) for precise and comprehensive RPV lifetime assessment, aimed at supporting the long-term operation of nuclear power plants. The Database was created in the framework of the International Atomic Energy Agency activities. Fourteen countries, including the United States, France, and Russia, supplied large amounts of surveillance results and data from national and international research programs.The recent achievements and open issues in the area of RPV radiation embrittlement assessment are considered. They concern mainly the effects resulting from long irradiation times and high neutron fluences (neutron flux influence, late blooming phases), nickel and manganese synergism, and further validation of appropriate safety concepts (the Master Curve approach).New information from ongoing surveillance and research programs has to be incorporated into the Database for the most effective RPV radiation embrittlement prediction. These additional data will greatly support the development of embrittlement correlations and embrittlement trend curves valid for long irradiation times.
