ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 ANS Annual Conference
May 31–June 3, 2026
Denver, CO|Sheraton Denver
Latest Magazine Issues
Mar 2026
Jan 2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
April 2026
Nuclear Technology
February 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
60 Years of U: Perspectives on resources, demand, and the evolving role of nuclear energy
Recent years have seen growing global interest in nuclear energy and rising confidence in the sector. For the first time since the early 2000s, there is renewed optimism about the industry’s future. This change is driven by several major factors: geopolitical developments that highlight the need for secure energy supplies, a stronger focus on resilient energy systems, national commitments to decarbonization, and rising demand for clean and reliable electricity.
Thomas M. Miller
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 198 | Number 2 | February 2024 | Pages 423-434
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2023.2208648
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a pulsed spallation neutron source currently being built in Lund, Sweden. At full power and beam energy, ESS will accelerate protons to 2 GeV at 5 MW (average pulse current of 62.5 mA, pulse length of 2.86 ms, and repetition rate of 14 Hz) onto a rotating, helium-cooled, tungsten target. This target is in a heavily shielded structure referred to as the target monolith, which is located inside the ESS target building. Directly on top of the target monolith shielding is a room referred to as the connection cell, which contains many important utility connections and control systems. Many connections from components in the target monolith, e.g., cooling water and electrical connections, exit the monolith into the connection cell and pass through the walls of the connection cell to reach other areas of ESS. When the accelerator is operating at ESS, the connection cell will be off limits to humans. This paper evaluates the prompt dose rates to several important materials in the connection cell and suggests an algorithm for evaluating the suitability of materials that might be used in the connection cell.