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ANS Student Conference 2025
April 3–5, 2025
Albuquerque, NM|The University of New Mexico
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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Yurdunaz Celik, Yosuke Iwamoto, Alexey Stankovskiy, Maureen Ciccarelli, Gert van den Eynde
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 198 | Number 2 | February 2024 | Pages 358-369
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2023.2219823
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The effects of both proton and neutron nuclear data libraries on the neutron field produced in light targets and transported through shielding material were assessed. The general-purpose nuclear data libraries JENDL-4.0/HE, TENDL-2017, ENDF/B-VII.0, ENDF/B-VII.1, ENDF/B-VIII.0, JEFF-3.1.2, and JEFF-3.3 were benchmarked using the MCNP6.2 Monte Carlo transport code. Three experiments from the SINBAD database, namely, 52-MeV protons hitting a carbon target and 43- and 68-MeV protons hitting a 7Li target, were selected for benchmarking. This selection was made according to their relevance for the MYRRHA accelerator-driven system to support the design of beam dumps and shielding of the 100-MeV section of the MYRRHA accelerator. It is demonstrated that the prevailing factor determining the transmitted neutron spectrum shape is the proton library from which the secondary neutrons are sampled. The choice of neutron library applied for the secondary neutron transport in the carbon and lithium targets, concrete and iron shielding, is of second-order significance.
