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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Nickolas J. Adamowicz, Annalisa Manera, Edward W. Larsen
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 197 | Number 2 | February 2023 | Pages 262-278
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2022.2112900
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The coarse-mesh finite difference (CMFD) method is commonly used to accelerate the iterative convergence of single-physics neutron transport problems. For multiphysics problems, the neutron cross sections depend on the temperature and density, both of which depend on the fission heat source; the resulting nonlinear feedback can significantly degrade the performance of CMFD and even cause instability. In this paper, we propose, for a class of one-dimensional (1-D) model multiphysics problems, a new nonlinearly implicit low-order (NILO) CMFD (NILO-CMFD) acceleration method to improve the performance of CMFD-based methods for solving loosely coupled multiphysics problems. Our numerical testing and Fourier analysis show that for the 1-D model problems, the new NILO-CMFD method achieves the same rapid convergence rate that CMFD achieves for single-physics problems.