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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
H. Y. Yoon, I. K. Park, J. R. Lee, S. J. Lee, Y. J. Cho, S. J. Do, H. K. Cho, J. J. Jeong
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 194 | Number 8 | August-September 2020 | Pages 633-649
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2020.1727698
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A high-fidelity safety analysis method for pressurized water reactors (PWRs) is presented using a multiscale and multiphysics coupled code. Computational resolution of the conventional safety analysis can be greatly improved using this method in which the whole reactor vessel is modeled at a subchannel scale with around 5 million calculation meshes. Three-dimensional thermal hydraulics inside the reactor vessel is simulated using CUPID-RV with subchannel-scale thermal-hydraulic models for the reactor core. The subchannel models were validated using the legacy rod bundle experiments including single- and two-phase flow tests that were used in the validation of other subchannel analysis codes. The three-dimensional mesh was generated for the reactor vessel. Structured meshes were used in the core region for the subchannel model, and body-fitted unstructured meshes were applied for the downcomer, lower and upper plenums, and hot and cold legs. The number of meshes was optimized for a practical calculation. A three-dimensional core kinetics code (MASTER) and a one-dimensional system analysis code (MARS) were coupled with CUPID-RV for an accident analysis of PWRs. Subchannel-scale full-core steam line break accident analysis of the OPR1000 PWR was realized using the coupled code (MASTER/CUPID-RV/MARS) with a reasonable computation time, and thus, the present method can be used as a practical tool for three-dimensional safety analysis of PWRs.