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Porous tungsten scrubbed by glow discharge cleaning
Researchers conducted experiments in Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory’s Lithium Tokamak Experiment-Beta (LTX-β) showing glow discharge cleaning can be used to effectively clean samples of porous tungsten—used to hold liquid lithium in fusion machine inner walls—manufactured from powder-reconstituted materials, according to a paper published in Nuclear Materials and Energy.
Tungsten is widely used for plasma-facing components in fusion machines, especially in the divertor region where materials must withstand extreme levels of power flow. According to the paper, spark plasma sintering can be used to make tungsten into spongelike samples for holding liquid lithium.
Avner P. Cohen, Roy Perry, Shay I. Heizler
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 192 | Number 2 | November 2018 | Pages 189-207
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2018.1499339
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Modeling the propagation of radiative heat waves in optically thick material using a diffusive approximation is a well-known problem. In optically thin material, classic methods, such as classic diffusion or classic , yield the wrong heat wave propagation behavior, and higher-order approximation might be required, making the solution more difficult to obtain. The asymptotic approximation [Heizler, Nucl. Sci. Eng., Vol. 166, p. 17 (2010)] yields the correct particle velocity but fails to model the correct behavior in highly anisotropic media, such as problems that involve a sharp boundary between media or strong sources. However, the solution for the two-region Milne problem of two adjacent half-spaces divided by a sharp boundary yields a discontinuity in the asymptotic solutions that makes it possible to solve steady-state problems, especially in neutronics. In this work we expand the time-dependent asymptotic approximation to a highly anisotropic medium using the discontinuity jump conditions of the energy density, yielding a modified discontinuous equation in general geometry. We introduce numerical solutions for two fundamental benchmarks in plane symmetry. The results thus obtained are more accurate than those attained by other methods, such as Flux Limiters or Variable Eddington Factors.