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Norway’s Halden reactor takes first step toward decommissioning
The government of Norway has granted the transfer of the Halden research reactor from the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) to the state agency Norwegian Nuclear Decommissioning (NND). The 25-MWt Halden boiling water reactor operated from 1958 to 2018 and was used in the research of nuclear fuel, reactor internals, plant procedures and monitoring, and human factors.
Yunzhao Li, Zhipeng Li, Hongchun Wu, Youqi Zheng
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 190 | Number 2 | May 2018 | Pages 134-155
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2017.1417346
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
To reduce the calculation effort and memory requirement for high-order PN expansion calculation in the Variational Nodal Method (VNM), the surficial irreducible basis functions based on the symmetry group theory have been employed to block-diagonalize one of the four nodal response matrices. Its effectiveness encourages our further investigation on the application of the symmetry group theory to volumetric expansion to block-diagonalize the remaining three of the nodal response matrices in this paper. By using the symmetry group theory, the neutron transport problem for each node can be decoupled into several independent subproblems as long as both the geometry and the material distribution of the node are symmetric. Each of these subproblems can be solved by using variational principles as in the traditional VNM, providing their nodal response matrices as the diagonal blocks of the corresponding entire ones. For hexagonal-z node, each nodal response matrix can be reduced into 16 diagonal blocks, among which only 12 have to be calculated due to the properly selected irreducible basis functions. In addition, it is also proved that the response matrices with anisotropic scattering can also be block-diagonalized as the same. Calculation results based on typical problems demonstrate that the new method reduces the time cost for the response matrice calculation by one order of magnitude compared with our previous work. For the total computing time, the speedup ratio is about 2 for P3 calculation and 4 for P5 calculation. Furthermore, almost 40% of the memory requirement can be saved.
