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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Sicong Xiao, Kangyu Ren, Dean Wang
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 189 | Number 3 | March 2018 | Pages 272-281
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2017.1394088
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In order to improve the effectiveness and stability of the coarse-mesh finite difference method (CMFD), we developed a new nonlinear diffusion acceleration scheme for solving neutron transport equations. This scheme, called LR-NDA, employs a local refinement approach on the framework of CMFD by solving a local boundary value problem of the scalar flux on the coarse-mesh structure to replace the piecewise constant scalar flux obtained by CMFD. The refined flux is then used to update the scalar flux in the neutron transport source iteration. In this paper, a detailed convergence study of LR-NDA is carried out based on a two-dimensional fixed-source problem, and it shows that LR-NDA is much more effective and stable than CMFD for a wide range of optical thicknesses. In addition, we demonstrate that LR-NDA is a local adaptive method. LR-NDA does not necessarily require local refinement for all the coarse-mesh cells on the problem domain, i.e., it can be used only for relatively optically thick regions where the standard CMFD scheme would encounter the convergence problem.