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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Luiz Leal, Adimir Dos Santos, Evgeny Ivanov, Tatiana Ivanova
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 187 | Number 2 | August 2017 | Pages 127-141
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2017.1301739
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Resonance parameter evaluation of the 235U cross sections using the Reich-Moore formalism was done with the computer code SAMMY from 0 to 2.25 keV to address issues with capture cross-section and standard fission cross-section values. The evaluation includes recent capture and fission cross-section measurements as well as high-resolution data used in previous 235U evaluation. Moreover the new 235U resonance parameter evaluation has been used in the calculation of a new benchmark experiment performed at the IPEN/MB-01 research reactor. The experiment, named the inversion point of the isothermal reactivity coefficient, is used to test temperature effects at low temperature. The results demonstrate that the new 235U evaluation has greatly improved the prediction of reactivity temperature coefficient in contrast to previous evaluations. This paper is outlined in two parts, namely the first part deals with the description of the 235U resonance analysis and evaluation up to 2.25 keV, and the second part presents the results of the isothermal reactivity coefficient calculations performed on the IPEN/MB-01 reactor.
