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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Taro Ueki
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 180 | Number 1 | May 2015 | Pages 58-68
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE14-54
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The overlapping batch means method (OBM) has been investigated for robust statistical error estimation of local power tallies in Monte Carlo (MC) reactor core calculation. Originally, a nonoverlapping version was introduced in MC criticality calculation by Gelbard and Prael. However, the issue of batch size optimization was thought of as a lack of robustness. In this work, OBM with asymptotic bias correction was implemented with the batch size of the square root of the number of generations and compared with the orthonormally weighted standardized time series method (OWSTS). Numerical tests were conducted for various positions of the core of a pressurized water reactor. Results obtained indicate that neither OBM nor OWSTS consistently outperforms the other in terms of an overall performance measure incorporating bias and stability. Therefore, OBM with asymptotic bias correction can be an option to statistical error estimation in production MC criticality codes since OWSTS lacks an automated process to determine the number of weighting functions and can output the estimate only at the final generation. It is also shown that OBM with asymptotic bias correction performs equally regardless of the batch size.