The effective delayed-neutron fractions of 235U and 239Pu have been determined for two fast critical assemblies from measurements of the absolute fission rate and the apparent reactivity worths of a calibrated 252Cf neutron source. The experimental values of βeff for the two fissile isotopes, 0.0078 to 0.00233, respectively, are in reasonable agreement with calculations. The results do not explain the 30% discrepancy in measured and calculated reactivity values in fast critical experiments.