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Human Factors, Instrumentation & Controls
Improving task performance, system reliability, system and personnel safety, efficiency, and effectiveness are the division's main objectives. Its major areas of interest include task design, procedures, training, instrument and control layout and placement, stress control, anthropometrics, psychological input, and motivation.
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2024 ANS Winter Conference and Expo
November 17–21, 2024
Orlando, FL|Renaissance Orlando at SeaWorld
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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New laws offer nuclear industry incentives for existing power plant uprates
This year, the U.S. nuclear industry received a much-needed economic boost that could help preserve operating nuclear power plants and incentivize upgrades that extend their lifespan and power output.
Signed into law in 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act offers production tax credits (PTCs) for existing nuclear power plants and either PTCs or investment tax credits (ITCs) for new carbon-free generation. These credits could make power uprates—increasing the maximum power level at which a commercial plant may operate—a much more appealing option for utilities.
J. Wade Watkins, F. E. Armstrong, R. J. Heemstra
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 7 | Number 2 | February 1960 | Pages 133-143
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE60-A29082
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
One of the pressing problems of the potential nuclear-power industry is the necessity for disposing of radioactive wastes incident to operating reactors and recovering fissionable material from expended fuel elements. The Bureau of Mines has made a detailed analysis of the feasibility of solving this problem in areas where the geology permits by injecting liquid wastes into shallow, permeable, sedimentary rock formations. General considerations pertinent to the disposal of radioactive wastes are reviewed. Suggested methods of disposal, geographical influences, and the factors pertaining to shipping liquid and solid radioactive wastes are discussed. Current practices of the oil industry in the United States in disposing of oil-field brines are reviewed. The economics of brine injection is compared to present costs of storing and estimated costs of disposing of high-level radioactive wastes. A comparison is made of the current costs of drilling wells to different depths; the relative economics of drilling exploratory, injection, and monitoring wells to different depths in a disposal or test project is discussed. The geology of comparatively shallow and stratigraphically isolated sandstone lenses and shoestrings common to midcontinental United States is considered. Particular emphasis is given to the geological, engineering, and chemical information available about such formations that have been proved to be productive of petroleum and have been repressured with fluids to stimulate oil production. Laboratory and field research problems pertinent to the disposal of radioactive wastes by injection are outlined. Laboratory problems include ion exchange and adsorption of fission products, chemical and physical reactions between injected wastes and reservoir solids and fluids, corrosivity of wastes and corrosion resistance of special metallic alloys, injectivity of solutions of waste fission products, potential heat gradients, and techniques for determining migration of injected wastes. Field research problems include handling techniques, injectivity, and horizontal and vertical migration of injected radioactive wastes. A hypothetical example is given of a pilot plant for secondary treatment and injection of dilute fission products into a shallow, lenticular sandstone formation with well-defined boundary conditions. Monitoring facilities and techniques designed to determine horizontal and vertical migration and differentiation of the migrating radioisotopes are described. A partial cost analysis is made of the pilot system. The advantages and disadvantages of a full-scale system of this type, as compared with other methods of disposal are discussed. It is concluded that the use of shallow sedimentary formations, including partly depleted oil-productive sands, for disposing of radioactive wastes in some areas where geology permits, is feasible and that field pilot plants to demonstrate that feasibility might be instituted with information available at this time.