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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
B. Ganapol
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 112 | Number 3 | November 1992 | Pages 270-282
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE92-A29074
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The radiative transfer equation for photons interacting with the phytoelements (primarily leaves) of a plant canopy of finite height is solved by application of Siewert’s FN numerical algorithm. A one-dimensional, one-angle transport model is assumed with the Lambertian scattering leaves all oriented in the same direction. In addition, a Lambertian reflecting soil is assumed at the lower canopy boundary. Since the focus of this work is on the development of the FN algorithm, emphasis is given to the derivation of the algorithm and the algorithmic accuracy; however, a comparison with afield experiment is also presented to indicate the potential usefulness of the FN solution.