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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Juraj Pivarč Stanislav Hlaváč
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 106 | Number 3 | November 1990 | Pages 266-278
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE90-A29055
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A multipurpose 14-MeV neutron source based on the T(d,n)4 He reaction is under construction in Bratislava. Its basic purpose is to produce intense and pulsed beams of 14-Me V neutrons. The intense section of the source is expected to continuously produce 1.2 × 1012 n/s with a 20-mA duoplasmatron ion source, 300-kV/40-mA high-voltage power supply, and a rotating titanium-tritium target for 1100 rpm. Although it is designed for a variety of experiments in low-energy nuclear physics involving in-beam gamma-ray, neutron, and charged-particle spectroscopy, neutron activation measurements as well as neutron irradiation studies are also planned. So far, we have completed the main section of the accelerator itself and part of a low-intensity direct current beamline with a neutron yield to 4 × 1010 n/s. A continuation of this line, with a fast pulsed section capable of generating a compressed 1-ns-wide D+ ion beam at a repetition rate of 5 MHz is under construction. The source components, which are designed to be highly reliable and provide minimum radiation hazard from tritium handling, are discussed together with final source specifications.