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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Tsutomu Hoshino, Jiro Wakabayashi, Shigenori Hayashi
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 23 | Number 2 | October 1965 | Pages 170-182
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE65-A28142
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An expression different from the conventional modal expansion about space-dependent linear system kinetics is proposed. The solution is expressed in the form of a Laplace-transformed source transfer function. The Taylor expansion of the function in ‘s’ (the variable in the transformed domain) is obtained by solving the related stationary equations. The series is approximately continued to the simple form of the transfer function such as the first-order lag or the transport lag expression. In this method, it is not necessary to solve the eigenvalue problem directly. This solution contains the contribution from the higher modes and gives a practical approximation in a simple form, even if the response includes much higher modes. A numerical example is shown. This method is also applicable to general linear distributed constant systems. Some applications to coupled reactor theory and to thermalization kinetics are mentioned.