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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
C. K. Sanathanan, J. C. Carter, F. Miraldi
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 23 | Number 2 | October 1965 | Pages 130-137
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE65-A28137
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In Part I of this series, the authors have developed mathematical techniques to investigate the dynamics of coolant circulation in boiling-water nuclear reactors. This paper is an attempt to apply those techniques to various specific situations. A natural-circulation loop with a single heated channel is considered first. Dependence of the degree of stability upon the steady-state profile of the channel heat flux and the channel length are investigated. The influence of the pressure drops in the downcomer and at the channel inlet upon the transient two-phase flow is studied. The steady-state perturbations in the void fraction and velocity due to a small perturbation in the channel heat flux are predicted. The findings of the present study compare favorably with those obtained by the simplifying assumption made by the earlier investigators that the slip ratio is a constant along the channel length. The more interesting system with two or more channels operating in parallel with a common downcomer is considered next. The strength of the coupling between the dynamics of the flows through the channels increases with the pressure drop in the common downcomer, and this phenomenon is considered quantitatively. Results obtained theoretically are substantiated by comparison with those obtained through elaborate numerical methods and previous observations.