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New laws offer nuclear industry incentives for existing power plant uprates
This year, the U.S. nuclear industry received a much-needed economic boost that could help preserve operating nuclear power plants and incentivize upgrades that extend their lifespan and power output.
Signed into law in 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act offers production tax credits (PTCs) for existing nuclear power plants and either PTCs or investment tax credits (ITCs) for new carbon-free generation. These credits could make power uprates—increasing the maximum power level at which a commercial plant may operate—a much more appealing option for utilities.
Wallace Davis, Jr.
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 14 | Number 2 | October 1962 | Pages 159-168
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE62-A28115
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The distribution of 0–8 M HNO3 between aqueous and 5–100 vol % solutions of TBP in Amsco 125-82 has been measured and used to obtain a quantitative description of this extraction process. Up to ∼5 M aqueous HNO3, a limit arbitrarily chosen because of uncertainties in HNO3 activity coefficients, the data of this report at any particular concentration of TBP in Amsco are accurately described by the equation log [(HNO3)org/{[HNO3]aq(3.75493-(HNO3)org)}] = A + B (HNO3)org, where parentheses refer to concentrations, square brackets to activities, and subscripts org and aq to organic and aqueous phases. The antilogarithms of the constants A for the six TBP-diluent solutions studied can be described as a linear function of , the sum of the mole fractions, and , of water and TBP in the acid-free water-saturated organic phase. These antilogarithms were interpreted as the product K1mγT, where K1m is the thermodynamic equilibrium constant for the extraction reaction and γT is the mean activity coefficient of TBP and TBP·H2O in the acid-free, water-saturated organic phase. As the concentration of TBP in Amsco 125-82 increases from 0 to 100%, K1mγT, in molal units, varies from 0.2 to 1.5. The quantities B of the above equation are proportional to while the product B(HNO3)org is interpreted as log γTN, where γTN is the mean activity coefficient of the species TBP·HNO3 and TBP·HNO3·H2O. The organic phase water and acidity values are consistent with formation of the complexes TBP·H2O, TBP·HNO3, TBP·HNO3·H2O, and TBP·2HNO3.
