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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Herbert Bachmann, Ulrike Fritscher, Friedbert W. Kappler, Detlef Rusch, Heinrich Werle, Hans W. Wiese
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 67 | Number 1 | July 1978 | Pages 74-84
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE78-A27238
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Measured and calculated neutron spectra from a sphere of lithium metal with natural isotopic composition are compared. In the calculations, the investigation is concentrated on the SN method with nuclear data from ENDF/B-III for lithium and from KEDAK 3 for iron. A special partition of the angular coordinate, S19, was introduced to allow for the strong anisotropy of the neutron flux in the radial direction. For the proper treatment of the anisotropic elastic scattering, a new technique for improved, extended, and consistent transport approximation up to T5 is used. These ameliorations being introduced, it is shown that the nonelastic scattering is treated inadequately with respect to the angular and energetic distribution of the outcoming neutrons. The investigation is completed by a comparison of the measured and calculated space-dependent tritium production rate, in which the discrepancy is found consistent with the discrepancy in the neutron spectra. Furthermore, we propose that the 7Li(n,n′α) cross section should be reduced by 15 to 20% with respect to the ENDF/B-III value.